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Ottoman–Wahhabi War
The Ottoman–Wahhabi War also known as the Ottoman–Saudi War or the Ottoman-Salafi War, was fought from early 1811 to 1818, between Egypt Eyalet under the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha (nominally under Ottoman rule) and the army of the First Saudi State. It resulted in the destruction of the First Saudi State.
==Background==
The Wahhabi movement was part of a fundamentalist/revisionist movement within Islam that would lead to creation of the first Saudi State, and its crushing by the Ottoman empire’s Egyptian viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha.
Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab and the amir Muhammad ibn Sa’ud launched their campaign to reform Islam and consolidate power in Arabia from their power-base in Diriyah. By 1805, the Wahhabis controlled Mecca and Medina, had attacked Karbala and the Imam Husayn Shrine. The Wahhabis also attacked Ottoman trade caravans which interrupted the Ottoman finances.〔Marsot, Afaf Lutfi Al-Sayyid. ''A History of Egypt From the Islamic Conquest to the Present.'' New York: Cambridge UP, 2007.〕 The Saudi amir denounced the Ottoman sultan and called into question the validity of his claim to be caliph and guardian of the sanctuaries of the Hejaz〔Elizabeth Sirriyeh, Salafies, "Unbelievers and the Problems of Exclusivism". ''Bulletin'' (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2. (1989), pp. 123-132. ((Text online at JSTOR ))〕 and the Ottoman empire instructed the upstart Muhammad ‘Ali, viceroy of Egypt, to fight the Wahhabis. The Ottoman empire was suspicious of Muhammed Ali’s ambition, and thought that by ordering Ali against the Wahhabis, the defeat of either would be beneficial.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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